Comparing and Contrasting the Novel and Movie Version of...

Comparing and Contrasting the Novel and Movie Version of The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck wrote the The Grapes of Wrath in 1939 to rouse its readers against those who were responsible for keeping the American people in poverty. The Grapes of Wrath tells the story of the Joad family, migrant farmers from Oklahoma traveling to California in search of an illusion of prosperity. The novels strong stance stirred up much controversy, as it was often called Communist propaganda, and banned from schools due to its vulgar language. However, Steinbecks novel is considered to be his greatest work. It won the Pulitzer Prize, and later became an Academy Award winning movie in 1940. The novel and the movie are both considered to be wonderful†¦show more content†¦The movie does not discuss in depth the vast significance of this route. On the other hand, Chapter 12 of the novel describes how Route 66 is a river of immigrants. This interchapter explains how the thousands traveling Route 66 are refugees from the troubles in the East, giving a better description of t he time period. Finally, the movie never describes in depth the economic situation of California during the 1930s. In the movie, the story ends leaving the viewer with the image of California as a land of prosperity. However, the novel attacks the economic situation of California with rage in Chapter 25. In this interchapter, Steinbeck describes how a surplus can make prices so low that the farmers have no income, or how the supply of farm goods can be so scarce that the goods are priced too high to sale. This situation plagues California, and farmers are thrown in poverty. This chapter shows how California is not a safe haven for farmers, but a harsh, devouring environment. The interchapters in the novel form of Grapes of Wrath describe in detail the time period of the storyline, while the movie leaves the spectators unaware of the actual situation of the migrant farmers in the 1930s. In the novel form of Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck uses different literary elements, which are not present in the movie, to provide a deeper meaning of the story. One major element in the novel that is absent in the movie is Steinbecks use of

Stem Cells Research For Disease Modeling And Drug...

Stem Cells in Research without the Ethical Issues: Ways around Embryonic Stem Cells Deborah Baluyot Western Governors University Abstract: Using various academic journals and articles found online (Internet), this paper seeks to cover the use of human stem cells (hSCs) in research for disease modeling and drug development. Specifically, the ethical controversies that come with using embryonic stem cells (Lo Parham , 2009) and possible ways to get around them, will also be reviewed. Induced pluripotent stem cells in particular have the potential to replace the use of embryonic stem cells as they work in very similar ways. While there is some debate on how induced pluripotent stem cells still bring up some ethical issues (Alberta, 2009), they aren’t as heavy in comparison to that of embryonic stem cell usage. Also covered is the need for funding for stem cell research Keywords: ethical, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), disease, drug development, research Stem Cells in Research without the Ethical Issues: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells instead of Embryonic Stem Cells Over time, the use of human stem cells has proven to be monumental in research, particularly in the field of disease modeling and drug development for treatments of diseases. However, there are many barriers that come with using human stem cells, specifically embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mainly due to the fact that they must come from eitherShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research Should Not Be Allowed1170 Words   |  5 PagesBatten Disease. Our community came together in support of â€Å"Jaylen’s Journey†. In honor of Jaylen and to aid his family in covering medical cost, the community held a 5K, sold t-shirts, and created a Facebook page. Batten Disease attacks the nervous system and vision loss occurs. Currently, a cure does not exist for Batten Disease, and without surgery, Jaylen is expected to die before he is 16 years old. The hope of a cure for Jaylen comes through an experimental surgery with the use of stem cellsRead MoreStem Cells Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The use of stem cells can advance drug development, knowledge of disease, patience specific disease treatment, and can bypass the limits of mouse-models for research. According to the National Institute of Health (1), stem cells are unique in the following ways: they can divide and renew themselves for long periods, they are unspecialized, and they can give rise to specialized cell types. The uniqueness of these stem cells allows for the testing of new drugs, cell-based therapies and theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Human Cells2106 Words   |  9 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that are defined by their ability to self renew and differentiate into specialized cells (1). Stem cells function in body tissues as a repair mechanism, with an unlimited ability to divide and restock cells as needed by the body. Each time a stem cell divides, the new cell formed can either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a specialized cell, such as a brain cell. Traditionally, there are two main types of stem cells: human embryonic stemRead MoreThroughout centuries, scientists have discovered new and improved ways of curing certain types of1500 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout centuries, scientists have discovered new and improved ways of curing certain types of diseases with medical treatments that continue to be discovered. When newly discovered, many treatments and cures are controversial. Immediately, society questions whether or not these medical practices are reliable, safe, and ethical procedures. Such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as â€Å"electroshock†, a medical procedure where patients who may be victims of schizophrenia or depressionRead MoreHuman Cells And The Human Body1747 Words   |  7 Pagesfiltration, toxins, and waste removal and maintaining and regulating the body’s pH. The researchers created kidney structures from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) called organoids which have the func tion and structural organization of a human fetal kidney in the first trimester. This study used the results of a previous study where human embryonic stem cells were differentiated towards a renal lineage. As a result, the progenitors for both collecting ducts and nephrons were generated from iPS. In thatRead MoreHuman Embryonic Stem Cells ( Hescs )1627 Words   |  7 PagesiPSC The interest in developing human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a regenerative medicine has been prospering due to its pluripotency and indefinite self-renewal capacity since first discovered in 19981,2. However, the method to harvest hESCs by destroying embryos raised ethical concerns and thus the progress of this therapeutics has been impeded for years. Alternative approach was not achieved until the discover of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by integrating a combination of transcriptionalRead MorePre-clinical testing is performed to Good laboratory practice (GLP) and covers pivotal toxicology 1000 Words   |  4 Pagespreclinical research, scientists test their ideas for new biomedical prevention strategies in laboratory experiments or in animals. â€Å"Pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) can be seen as two sides of the same coin. PK and PD have a definite relationship, assessing how much drug gets to the site of action and then what that action is. Both activities are essential in the complete investigation of the interaction between the drug and body, and play significant roles in both drug development andRead MoreEthical Concerns Of Stem Cell Research1759 Words   |  8 Pagesfields within stem cell research and the one under the most scrutiny is embryonic stem cell research. To be able to use their stem cells without killing them has not been developed yet, so many articles on ethical concerns of stem cell research are focused on this specific topic. Many areas of science are treated as unethical, but stem cell research, which is considered the worst,could single-handedly reshape the world as we know it. Description of Stem Cells Unlike the other cells that make upRead MoreReview : Tissue Engineering And Tooth Regeneration1865 Words   |  8 Pagesclinical treatment. Some of the primary barriers preventing integration include cost and development of appropriate materials, limited current infrastructure, and ethical challenges. This review explores current uses for regenerative dentistry, as well its barriers and potential solutions to these problems. Oral tissue loss is a major problem both globally and in the United States, and can be caused by disease, trauma, and/ or congenital abnormalities1. In fact, tooth loss is the most common formRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Effects On Human Health1146 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities are necessary to progress in medical research, in reality it does very little to improve human health and development. For decades, drug and chemical safety assessments have been based on laboratory experimentations involving rabbits, dogs, rodents, and other animals. Consequently, nine out of ten drugs proven safe and effective in animals fail when given to humans. Animal testing is unreliable and unnecessary and there are more effective research methods out there that do not come at the

Social Perception and Social Reality

Question: Discuss about the Social Perception and Social Reality. Answer: Introduction Self-concept is the perception a person has about him or herself (Hattie 2014). The formation of self-concept is determined by a persons environment and the people he live with. According to research self concept is a multi-dimensional construct that is includes the past self, present self as well as the future self (Swann Jr 2007). There exist three broad regions within self-concept. They include, the extant self-concept that indicate what we are like, the desired self-concept that indicates what we would like to be and the presenting self-concept that depict how we present our self to others. In general self-concept is the totality of complex dynamic and organised systems attitudes, beliefs and opinions that a person perceive to be true about personal existence (Hattie 2014). Self-concept impacts greatly on a persons behaviour. Components of self-concept Self-esteem is a persons attitude and judgement toward self that comprise of emotional state and beliefs about self (Swann Jr 2007). Development of self-esteem in a person is influenced by that persons life experience. Therefore it is important note that self esteem is not static and may change from time to time depending on environment and experiences in ones life. There are different types of self-esteem. High self-esteemed people have a positive view of self and are always optimistic while people with low self-esteem perceive themselves negatively and have a low value for self. For people to achieve goals and attain self-actualisation, they must have self-esteem that will help in facing live with optimism and confidence (Baumeister, ed 2013). High self-esteem is important for people to experience happiness, help manage stress as well as increase the chances to accept challenging task. According to (Swann Jr 2007) self-esteem greatly affects workplace behaviour, achievement of career goals and how we deal with people. Employees with high self-esteem trust their judgement and thinking therefore making better decisions. This enables development of work and interpersonal relationships leading to better contributions to work environment. On the other hand poor self-esteem leads to fear of change. This fear translates to unproductive behaviour at work like rebellion and defensiveness (Baumeister, ed 2013). However, self-esteem can be enhanced at work by creating a culture that encourages feedback and acknowledgements. At the end of a project, managers or team leaders can conduct reflective session to discuss the success and challenges faced during the project. This opportunity should be used to acknowledge the efforts of each and every team member and reassure them that their contributions where very important for the success of the project. According to Swann Jr (2007) reassurance and positive feedback have been found to play an important part in boosting esteem and confidence. Self-efficacy According to Schwarzer (2014) self-efficacy is the believe in ones ability to complete a task. The power a person has to competently handle challenges and the choices that the person might make are influenced by the believe a person has about his power in affecting situations. Self-efficacy affects all area of human life. Productivity at work to a large extent is affected by self-efficacy. If an employee has low self-efficacy, he risks performing his duties dismally because he believes that this is the best he can perform. On the other hand, too high self-efficacy may make a person to have unrealistic picture about his competence to perform a task leading to accepting task that are way beyond ones capacity compromising the end result (Schwarzer 2014). To improve and encourage positive self-efficacy at work place, workers should be encouraged to take part in task that they good at. The success achieved from this task will boost the employee confidence. In addition, the employer can encourage employees to take some challenging task to steer forward personal career development. Another way that self-efficacy can be enhanced in an organisation is by offering learning opportunities. According to Schwarzer (2014) allowing inexperienced employees to observe the experienced ones perform task, gives the inexperienced employees opportunity to learn the steps and then repeat what they have seen. Self-monitoring refers to how people monitor their, expressive behaviour, self-presentation and nonverbal effective displays. It is the ability to pay close attention to social situation and change behaviour to fit the situation (Bono Vey 2007). Self-monitoring is classified into two categories. The high self-monitors and the low self-monitors. High self-monitors are people who monitor themselves closely and are very responsive to situational context and to social cues. High self-monitors always display images that seek to impress other people and get positive feedback. On the other hand low self-monitors are not concerned with situational appropriateness. They are uncompromising, insistent with others and aggressive. Locus of control According to Zacher and Gielnik (2012) locus of control is concerned with the likelihood of people believing that control for events outcome originates from within them or from external forces they cannot control. People with strong internal locus of control believe that events in their life are a result of their own action while those who have strong external locus of control believe that events in their life are due to other forces and not them. People who have strong internal locus of control have a greater likelihood of taking responsibility of their actions when results are bad as compared to those who have a strong external locus of control (Zacher Gielnik 2012). On the other hand those who possess external locus of control tend to be better team players compared to those having internal locus control. Therefore in an organisation, people with external locus control seem to steer team work successfully while internal locus of control personalities are good at jobs that are les s team oriented. This is because they face challenges when working in a team as they tend to be dictatorial as they work hand to influence the outcome. This attitude leads divisions within the organisation. Social perception Social perception studies the way people develop impressions and make conclusions about other people (Jussim 2012). Social perception has four main components. These are observation, attribution, integration and confirmation. Persisting motivation, cognitive load capacity and emotions of an individual are responsible for shaping social perception. According to Jussim (2012), observation is the source of raw data for social perception. Attribution conveys personality as the cause or source of behaviour during a situation while in integration people dispositions are integrated to develop impressions. Confirmation involves formation of impressions that are subjected to self-fulfilling prophecy threats and confirmation biases. Factors affecting perception The perceiver: According to McGann and De Jaegher (2009), perceivers characteristics influence perception. These include; Attitude: A perceivers attitude towards certain issues affects how the person makes decision about matters related to the issues he has an attitude. Mood: A perceivers mood influences his perception of others. People think differently when happy and when sad. Positive mood enhances positive impression of other people while negative mood makes people to have unfavorable perception about other people (Mast 2010). Motives: Individuals unsatisfied motives or needs stimulates and influence perception. Personal insecurities get translated into perceptions that other people around have negative intentions even when the opposite is the case. Self-concept: An individual with positive self-concept notices positive characteristics in others while an individual with negative self-concept notices the negative traits in other people. Experiences: A perceivers past experience play an important role in shaping their perception in future when faced by stimuli similar to those experienced before. According to McGann and De Jaegher (2009), experience makes a person to hold similar perception of people who exhibit traits that have similarities to those experienced in the past. The target: The targets characteristics affect what is perceived. The role played by the physical appearance of the target is great (McGann De Jaegher 2009). For example it is easy to notice a target if he or she is very attractive or very unattractive. In addition, the size, motion, voice and other traits of the target influences the perception we have of the target. Nonverbal communication provides a lot of information regarding the target as the perceiver relies on the facial expression, posture, eye contact, and body movement to develop an impression about the target. The situation: The perceivers impression about the target is also influenced by the situation that leads to the interaction between the perceiver and the target (McGann De Jaegher 2009). Social perception is also affected by the strength of situational signal. Appropriate behaviour is signalled by the prevailing situation. Two common perceptual errors According to Mast (2010) perceptual error is making judgemment about others eithe knowingly or unknowingly. There are two perceptual errors that are made or regular basis, this include, halo effect and stereotyping. Halo effect: This is where our perception about a person is influenced by our overall impression of the person. According to Rosenzweig (2014), research shows that positive qualities of a person, physical appearance and attractiveness affect our judgment of other peoples character. This results to a generic positive or negative perception of the target. Halo effect affects performance when a supervisor uses a single characteristic to evaluate an employee. Therefore, halo effect can be advantageous if it is applied in favor of the target but if the perception developed is not favorable, it can have negative effect on the target, as the decision made by the perceiver will be negative. Stereotyping: Stereotyping is making generalization either positive or negative about a category of people based on inaccurate believes and assumptions and applying these generalized assumptions on a single individual belonging to this category (Bar-Tal, et al 2013). Stereotypes can be negative or positive. According to Bar-Tal, et al (2013) stereotyping affects an individuals performance at work either positively or negatively. For example, individuals belonging to a group stereotyped to be nonperformers may get discouraged and unmotivated at work due to negative comments received constantly leading poor work performance. Perceptual errors can be reduced by ensuring that enough information is collected about the target to ensure the right decision is reached about who a person is in reality. This can be achieved if the perceiver makes conscience decision to not to let their expectations, attitudes and what is said about the group the target comes from to affect their thinking about the target. Conclusion A persons perception about self is greatly influenced by their environment and determines how a person behaves. Self-concept is composed of four components that describe the different dimensions in which an individual views the self. Self-concept has great influence on a persons performance both at personal level and at work. In addition, self-concept affects how a person perceives other people. For example, self-concept is responsible for a persons attitude, mood and experience, which play a vital role on the perception a person may have on other people. References Bar-Tal, D., Graumann, C.F., Kruglanski, A.W. and Stroebe, W. eds., 2013. Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions. Springer Science Business Media. Baumeister, R.F. ed., 2013. Self-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard. Springer Science Business Media. Bono, J.E. and Vey, M.A., 2007. Personality and emotional performance: Extraversion, neuroticism, and self-monitoring. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(2), p.177. Chen, J.C. and Silverthorne, C., 2008. The impact of locus of control on job stress, job performance and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 29(7), pp.572-582. Hattie, J., 2014. Self-concept. Psychology Press. Jussim, L., 2012. Social perception and social reality: Why accuracy dominates bias and self-fulfilling prophecy. OUP USA. Mast, M.S., 2010. Interpersonal behaviour and social perception in a hierarchy: The interpersonal power and behaviour model. European Review of Social Psychology, 21(1), pp.1-33. McGann, M. and De Jaegher, H., 2009. Selfother contingencies: Enacting social perception. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 8(4), pp.417-437. Rosenzweig, P., 2014. The halo effect:... and the eight other business delusions that deceive managers. Simon and Schuster. Schwarzer, R., 2014. Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. Taylor Francis. Swann Jr, W.B., Chang-Schneider, C. and Larsen McClarty, K., 2007. Do people's self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist, 62(2), p.84. Zacher, H. and Gielnik, M.M., 2012. Locus of control. In Encyclopedia of new venture management (pp. 313-315). Sage Publications.

Describe What Your Role free essay sample

Unit 1: Preparing to teach in the Life long learning sector Question 1: Describe what your role, responsibilities and boundaries as a teacher would be in terms of the teaching/training cycle. It would be my responsibility as the teacher to carry out initial assessment before the students are excepted on to the course, to make sure the student have the knowledge and the previous experience needed to cope with the course. Also this would be the time when the I (teacher) would find out if the student has any learning difficulties or disabilities. In order for a class or course to be successful there is extensive planning involved, a scheme of work will be written as an overview of what will be covered over the length of the course or term. A lesson plan will be complete with a detailed lay out of the objectives, teaching and learning activities, the type of assessment methods that will be used and the recourses that will be needed throughout the lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe What Your Role or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After planning a lesson the next step will be to deliver the lesson. It is important that the appropriate methods or mixture of methods are used to successfully assist the progress of learning. Learning activities will encourage creativity and enthusiasm and promote independent learning. Example learning activities would be games, essays, group work or case studies. Ice Breakers are a effective way of starting a lesson they help people get to know each other help the students to relax. They also break down the barriers, encourage teamwork and establish trust within the class. When delivering a lesson it is important that the students are aware of their limits this is why it is essential that ground rules be put in place. I also believe that rules and expectations form the foundations for effective learners. It is vital to everyone’s progression that they feel safe and able to express themselves. It is also my responsibility to assess the students Ann Gravells states that â€Å"Assessment is a way of finding out if learning has taken place†. When taking a class of students through a course or qualification there are different types of assessments that will take place. In fitness students are assessed throughout the course both formatively and summatively until competence is proved. Assessment methods need to be valid. As the teacher I will must select the most appropriate assessment method for what is to be assessed. Some of the methods used during a NVQ in Fitness would be, multiple choice, Oral questioning, direct observation and assignments. After each lesson I must carry out a self evaluation, thinking about how the lesson went, what was good and why, and also what they could improve on or change for next time. When teaching a longer subject for example NVQ in Fitness it is also important to get feedback from the students on how they think the course is going, are you meeting the needs of the students and to find out any areas they feel may need to be covered in more detail. This could be done by giving the students a questionnaire part way though the course and at the end. Teachers also have to be available to offer support and guidance to their student to help their learning and development on the course. If a student comes to myself or another teacher for support or a particular individuals needs have been identified during a lesson, it is the teachers responsibility to decide and effective way to help the student. It may be that the student needs a one to one tutorial or it could be that you have to refer then to a support service that the college or learning institution offers. Sometimes there are issues that both myself or other teachers are unable to deal with but are able to referee students to external agencies to better support the students for example: Charities such as the RNIB, the Dyslexia Association and Mencap who will provide practical advice and guidance to the college. Reference: Gravells. A, (2008) Preparing to Teach in the Life Long Learning Sector, Exeter, Learning matters Ltd.